Ring Finger

Madd Means - Elongation. The prolongation (stretch) of the voice with a letter from the letters of Madd.

The letters of Madd: ا , و , ي -

نُوحِيهَا

• Alif Sakinah and before it comes a Fatha.

• Waw Sakinah and before it comes a Dhamma.

• Yaa Sakinah and before it comes a Kasra.

1 – Al-Madd Asli or Al-Madd Tabi'i المَدُّ الأَصْلِيُّ

It is the Madd that:

The word cannot be recognised except with the madd letter, nor can the meaning of the word be correct except with it.

The madd letter is not preceded by a hamza or followed by a hamza or sukoon.

Its duration is of two Harakah.

– Examples of Madd Asli:

2) Al-Madd Far’iy المَدٌّ الفَرْعِي

It is an extra Madd (stretch) on the Madd Asli due to a Hamza (coming before or after) or Sukoon following the letter of Madd.

It has three rulings: a) Wajib (necessary) b) Ja’iz (permissible) c) Lazim (compulsory)

There are five types:

Three because of Hamza; 1) Al-Madd Muttasil 2) Al-Madd Munfasil 3) Al-Madd Badal

Two because of Sukoon; 4) Al-Madd Aaridh 5) Al-Madd Lazim

2.1 ) Al-Madd Muttasil المَدُّ المُتَّصِل

(The Joined Madd).

It appears when a Hamza comes after a letter of Madd in ONE word.

The ruling: The Madd is Wajib and the duration is of 4 or 5 Harakah

– Examples of Madd Muttasil:

Hamza at the end of a word Hamza in the middle of a word

2.2) Al-Madd Munfasil المَدُّ المُنْفَصِل

(The Detached Madd)

It appears when there is the letter of Madd at the end of a word, and a Hamza at the beginning of the word following it. So this will appear in two words.

The ruling: The Madd is Ja’iz and the duration is of 4 or 5 Harakah and it is also permissible to read it with Qasr (2 Harakah)

– Examples of Madd Munfasil:

2.3) Al-Madd Badal المَدُّ البَدَل

(The Reverse Madd).

When a Hamza comes before a letter of Madd. This will also occur in one word.

The ruling: Ja’iz and the duration is of 2 Harakah

– Examples of Madd Badal:

3) Al-Madd Lazim المَدُّ اللَازِم

(The compulsory Madd).

When a Saakin letter comes after a letter of Madd, whether in one word or in one letter.

The ruling: This Madd is Laazim, and the duration will be of 6 harakah.

Madd Lazim is of two types:

3.1) Madd Lazim Kalimy

3.2) Madd Lazim Harfy

3.1) Al-Madd Lazim Kalimy المَدُّ اللَازِم الكَلِمَي

This Madd is also of two types:

A- Madd Lazim Kalimy Mukhaffaf: To pronounce the Madd with lightness. It is when after a letter of Madd comes a Saakin letter in one word, for example:

These are the only two in the Qur’an. [Surah Yunus (ayah 51 and 91 respectively)]

B- Madd Lazim Kalimy Muthaqqal: To pronounce the Madd with some emphasis. It is when after a letter of Madd comes a Mushaddad letter in one word, for example:

The emphasis is on the letter after the madd

3.2) Al-Madd Lazim Harfy المَدُّ اللَازِم الحَرْفِي

This Madd appears in one letter. It is the Madd that comes on some of the Huroof Muqatt’ah (singular letters) i.e. the letters at the start of the Surahs. _{(Huroof Muqata’aat)}

The letters are س , ن , ق , ص , ع , ل , م , ك , they are arranged in the following sentence;

سَنَقُصُّ عِلْمَك

Some examples:

4) Al-Madd Aaridh المَدُّ العَارِض

(The Temporary Madd)

This Madd only occurs when the reciter stops on a word. It appears when the penultimate letter is a Madd letter and the last letter (in the word) has a temporary Sukoon.

When the reader continues reciting then the Madd will be 2 Harakaat only.

Note: The last letter originally has Harakaat and only because of stopping on it, it will have a temporary Sukoon.

The penultimate letter is the second last letter of any word.

The ruling: This Madd is Ja’iz and the duration will be of 2, 4 or 6 Harakah.

– Examples of Madd Aaridh:

4.2) Al-Madd Līn المَدُّ اللِّين

If after a letter of Līn comes a temporary sukoon, it will be a Madd Līn. This is a sub category of Madd Aaridh since it occurs only when stopping on the word. Note that when continuing reciting the Madd will drop as oppose to Madd Aaridh (it still maintains 2 Harakaat).

The Līn letters are: When a Fatha comes before a Waw and Yaa Sakinah. e.g اَوْ – اَيْ

The Duration: 2, 4 or 6 Harakaat.