1. Shirk
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1. Shirk or associating others in worship with Allah, may He be exalted
Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with him in worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He pleases”
“Verily, whosoever sets up partners in worship with Allah, then Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and the Fire will be his abode. And for the Zalimoon (polytheists and wrongdoers) there are no helpers”
That includes: calling upon the dead, seeking their help, and making vows and offering sacrifices to them.
The evidence for this in the Qur’an and Sunnah is more than can be listed, and the scholarly consensus on this point is well established.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
The basis of shirk (ascription of partners to Allah) is when you equate Allah, may He be exalted, with His creation in terms of some of that which He alone deserves to have ascribed to Him, because no one ever equated anything to Allah in all respects. So whoever worships anything other than Him, or puts his trust in that thing is a mushrik who has associated something else with Him.
Ibn ‘Abd al-Haadi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
If a person comes to the bier of a dead person, calling upon him instead of Allah and seeking his help, this is shirk and is haraam according to Muslim consensus.
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